BIOGRAPHICAL AND CULTURAL-HISTORICAL COORDINATES IN THE FORMATION OF THE AUTHOR'S VOICE IN MYKHAYL DRAY-KHMAR'S CREATIVITY

Abstract

The article describes the main features of the formation of M. Drai-Khmara's authorial voice through biographical and cultural-historical discourse.

Understanding important moments of the M. Dry-Khmara`s biographical and cultural-historical discourses against the background of his tragic life and creative fate allows us to generalize the following position: this artist was a man of European thinking, an intellectual who, through his activities, contributed to the purification of the contemporary aesthetic and spiritual space from provincial massivism and primitivism. He created innovative poetry, translated and researched world classics, laid the foundations of Slavic studies, and enriched philological science and poetic practice on fundamentally new principles and classical domestic experience.

The atmosphere of socio-political and public life, the ways of organizing cultural work in the 20s and 30s caused him quite understandable resistance. The poet tried to comprehend his role in what was called the new era, doubted whether he, an intellectual, would be able to teach the people, to feel unity with them, since he had been far from Ukraine for a long time. In the "literary discussion" of 1925-1928, M. Drai-Khmara did not take a direct part, with the exception of several speeches in defence of the neoclassicists and their creative aesthetic credo. The scientist formed his views on art as a literary critic, developing an aesthetic taste from communication with world (translations from French, Italian) and domestic classics (research on the Works of Lesya Ukrainka, research on separate poems by T. Shevchenko, etc.). However, he was drawn into the political and ideological vortex by his special attention to the most talented figures of Ukrainian culture.

The feeling of national identity became a central component of M. Drai-Khmara's worldview as a person, the ideological centre of the lyrical hero of his poems, formed moral criteria and ethical norms of communication, determined the main parameters of the author's voice – the spiritual model of personality, ideas about the norms of human behaviour, vision of the world from the perspective of the national culture, morality and ethics of the Ukrainian people.