GENETIC BIOLOGICAL PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF COLORECTAL CANCER
Keywords:
colorectal cancer, prognosis, diagnosis, molecular markers.Abstract
The question of cancer treatment individualization, which is based on the definition of the molecular-biological characteristics of the cancer disease is topical today. This article reviews current literature data on the possible prognostic significance of key molecular markers of colorectal cancer progression in relation to the pathogenesis of the disease.
References
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7. Apoptotic index and bcl-2 expression as prognostic factors in colorectal carcinoma / R. Bendardaf, R. Ristamaki, H. Kujari et al. // Oncology. – 2003. – Vol.64, N.4. – P. 435-442.
8. Beta–catenin and E-cadherin tissue "content" as prognostic markers in left–side colorectal cancer / N.P. Martinez, D.T. Kanno, J.A. Pereira et al. // Cancer Biomark. – 2010. – Vol.8, N.3. – P. 129-350.
9. Boland C.R. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer / C.R. Boland, A. Goel // Gastroenterology. – 2010. – Vol.138, N.6. – P. 2073-2087.
10. Buda А. Е-cadherin and the cytoskeletal network in colorectal cancer development and metastasis / A. Buda, M. Pignatelli // Cell Commun Adhes. – 2011. – Vol.18, N.6. – P. 133-143.
11. Chromosome aberrations in solid tumors / D.G. Albertson, C. Collins, F. McCormick, J.W. Gray // Nat Genet. – 2003. – Vol.34, N.4. – P. 369-376.
12. Cluster analysis of claudin-1 and -4, E-cadherin, and β-catenin expression in colorectal cancers / T. Matsuoka, H. Mitomi, N. Fukui et al. // J Surg Oncol. – 2011. – Vol.103, N.7. – P. 674-686.
13. Contu P.C. Bcl-2 expression in rectal cancer / P.C. Contu, S.S. Contu, L.F. Moreira // Arq Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol.43, N.4. – P. 284-287.
14. COX-2 overexpression in pretreatment biopsies predicts response of rectal cancers to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy / F.M. Smith, J.V. Reynolds, E.W. Kay et al. // Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. – 2006. – Vol.64, N.2. – P. 466-472.
15. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in pretreatment biopsy as a predictor of tumor responses after preoperative chemoradiation in rectal cancer / B.S. Min, Y.J. Choi, H.R. Pyo et al. // Arch. Surg. – 2008. – Vol.143, N.11. – P. 1091-1097.
16. Des Guetz G. Does microsatellite instability predict the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer? A systematic review with meta-analysis / G. Des Guetz, O. Schischmanoff, P. Nicolas et al. // Eur J Cancer. – 2009. – Vol.45, N.10. – P. 1890-1896.
17. Disparate clinicopathological correlations of p53 and Bcl-2 in colorectal cancer / P.C. Papagiorgis, A.E. Zizi, S. Tseleni et al. // Mol Med Report. – 2012. – Vol.5, N.2. – P. 377-382
18. E-cadherin expression pattern in primary colorectal carcinomas and their metastases reflects disease outcome / A. Elzagheid, A. Ålgars, R. Bendardaf et al. // World J Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol.12, N.27. – P. 4304-4309.
19. Expression of p53 and Ki-67 as Prognostic Factors for Survival of Men with Colorectal Cancer / F. Lumachi, R. Orlando, F. Marino et al. // Anticancer Res. – 2012. – Vol.32, N.9. – P. 3965-3967.
20. Factors associated with anastomotic recurrence after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients / Y.W. Kim, N.K. Kim, B.S. Min et al. // Journal of Surgical Oncology. – 2009. – Vol.99, N.1. – P. 58-64.
21. Factors influencing prognosis after neo–adjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal carcinoma / M. Moral, M.J. Fdez-Acenero, R. Cuberes, A. Sua- rez // Acta Chir. Belg. – 2009. – Vol.109, N.3. – P. 345-551.
22. Genetic markers predictive of response to induction chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancers / M. Kudrimoti, E.Y. Lee, Y. Kang // J. Ky Med. Assoc. – 2007. – Vol.105, N.1. – P. 18-22.
23. High Ki67, Bax, and thymidylate synthase expression well correlates with response to chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancers: Proposal of a logistic model for prediction / M. Kikuchi, T. Mikami, T. Sato et al. // Br. J. Cancer. – 2009. – Vol.101, N.1. – P. 116-123.
24. Huh J.W. Expression of p16, p53, and Ki-67 in colorectal adeno-carcinoma: a study of 356 surgically resected cases / J.W. Huh, J.H. Lee, H.R. Kim // Hepatogastroenterology. – 2010. – Vol.57, N.101. – P. 734-740.
25. Iacopetta B. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer / B. Iacopetta, F. Grieu, B. Amanuel // Asia–Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology. – 2010. – Vol.6. – P. 260-269.
26. Is a proliferation index of cancer cells a reliable prognostic factor after hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases? / J.C. Weber, H. Nakano, P. Bachellier et al. // Am. J. Surg. – 2001. – Vol.182, N.1. – P. 81-88.
27. Jo W.S. Chemotherapeutic implications in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer / W.S. Jo, J.M. Carethers // Cancer Biomark. – 2006. – Vol.2, N.1-2. – P. 51-60.
28. Kanthan R. Molecular events in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a review / R. Kanthan, J.L. Senger, S.C. Kanthan // Patholog Res Int. – 2012. – Vol. 2012. – P. 597-598.
29. KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer / A. Lièvre, J.B. Bachet, D. Le Corre et al. // Cancer Res. – 2006. – Vol.66, N.8. – P. 3992-3995.
30. Lin M.X. Expression and significance of Bmi-1 and Ki67 in colorectal carcinoma tissues / M.X. Lin, Z.F. Wen, Z.Y. Feng // Ai Zheng. – 2008. – Vol.27, N.12. – P. 1321-1326.
31. Loss of E-cadherin promotes the growth, invasion and drug resistance of co-lorectal cancer cells and is associated with liver metastasis / X. Chen, Y. Wang, H. Xia et al. // Mol Biol Rep. – 2012. – Vol.39, N.6. – P. 6707-6714.
32. Microsatellite instability does not predict the efficacy of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis / G. Des Guetz, B. Uzzan, P. Nicolas et al. // Anticancer Res. – 2009. – Vol.29, N.5. – P. 1615-1620.
33. Molecular cytogenetics: genomic imbalances in colorectal cancer and their clinical impact / M. Grade, H. Becker, T. Liersch et al. // Cell Oncol. – 2006. – Vol.28, N.3.– P. 71-84.
34. Molecular pathways in colorectal cancer / S. Al–Sohaily, A. Biankin, R. Leong et al. // J Gastroenterol Hepatol. – 2012. – Vol.27, N.9. – P. 1423-1431.
35. Molecular responses of rectal cancer to preoperative chemoradiation /A. Debucquoy, L. Goethals, K. Geboes et al. // Radiother. Oncol. – 2006. – Vol.80, N.2. – P. 172-177.
36. p53 and p27 as predictors of clinical outcome for rectal-cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy / L.C. Lin, H.H. Lee, W.S. Hwang et al. // Surg. Oncol. – 2006. – Vol.15, N.4. – P. 211-216.
37. Pathologic stage is most prognostic of disease-free survival in locally ad-vanced rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation / H.M. Quah, J. F. Chou, M. Gonen et al. // Cancer. – 2008. – Vol.113, N.1. – P. 57-64.
38. Potential role of bcl-2 and ki-67 expression and apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study / C.D. Scopa, A.C. Tsamandas, V. Zolota et al. // Dig Dis Sci. – 2003. – Vol.48, N.10. – P. 1990-1997.
39. Predictive Factors of the Response of Rectal Cancer to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy / G. Spolverato, S. Pucciarelli, R. Bertorelle et al. // Cancers. – 2011. – Vol.3. – P. 2176-2194.
40. Predictive value of Ki67 and p53 in locally advanced rectal cancer: cor-relation with thymidylate synthase and histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy / C. Jakob, T. Liersch, W. Meyer et al. // World J. Gastroenterol. – 2008. – Vol.14, N.7. – P. 1060-1066.
41. Pritchard C.C. Colorectal cancer molecular biology moves into clinical practice / C.C. Pritchard, W.M. Grady // Gut. – 2011. – Vol.60, N.1. – P. 116-129.
42. Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in colorectaladenocarcinoma / J.Y. Kim, B.N. Bae, J.E. Kwon et al. // APMIS. – 2011. – Vol.119, N.7. – P. 449-459.
43. Prognostic significance of histological features and biological parameters in stage I (pT1 and pT2) colorectal adenocarcinoma / L. Losi, G. Ponti, C.D. Gregorio et al. // Pathol Res Pract. – 2006. – V.202, N.9. – P. 663-670.
44. Prognostic significance of the wnt signalling pathway molecules APC, beta-catenin and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer: a tissue microarray-based analysis / A. Lugli, I. Zlobec, P. Minoo et al. // Histopathology. – 2007. – Vol.50, N.4. – P. 453-464.
45. Prognostic values of radiation-induced p53 in adjacent normal mucosa and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in rectal cancer patients / R. Yoshikawa, H. Yanagi, M. Kusunoki et al. // Int. J. Oncol. – 2002. – Vol.21, N.6. – P. 1223-1228.
46. Relationship and prognostic significance of SPARC and VEGF protein expression in colon cancer / J.F. Liang, H.K. Wang, H. Xiao et al. // J Exp Clin Cancer Res. – 2010. – Vol.29, N.1. – P. 71.
47. Scholzen T. The Ki-67 protein: From the known and the unknown /T. Scholzen, J. Gerdes // J. Cell. Physiol. – 2000. – Vol.182, N.3. – P. 311-322.
48. Siena S. Biomarkers predicting clinical outcome of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer / S. Siena,A. Sartore-Bianchi, F. Di Nicolantonio et al. // J Natl Cancer Inst. – 2009. – Vol.101, N.19. – P. 1308-1324.
49. Stage I colorectal carcinoma: VEGF immunohistochemical expression, microvessel density, and their correlation with clinical outcome / V. Barresi, C. Di Gregorio, L. Regiani-Bonetti et al. // Virchows Arch. – 2010. – Vol.457, N.1. – P. 11-19.
50. The molecular basis of chemoradiosensitivity in rectal cancer: implications for personalized therapies / M. Grade, H.A. Wolff, J. Gaedcke, B.M. Ghadi-mi // Langenbecks Arch Surg. – 2012. – Vol.397, N.4. – P. 543-555.
51. The survival effect of E-cadherin and catenins in colorectal carcinomas / A.I. Filiz, Z. Senol, I. Sucullu et al. // Colorectal Dis. – 2010. – Vol.12, N.12. – P. 1223-1230.
52. Thymidylate synthase expression, p53, bcl-2, Ki-67 and p27 in colorectal cancer: relationships with tumor recurrence and survival / G. Rosati, R. Chiac-chio, G. Reggiardo et al. // Tumour Biol. – 2004. – Vol.25, N.5-6. – P. 258-263.
53. Yamac D. Prognostic significance of COX-2 expression in colorectal carcinoma / D. Yamac, G. Celnkoglu, N. Akyurek // Ann. Onc. – 2002. – Vol.13. – P. 74.
2. Делекторская В.В. Молекулярно-биологические маркеры метастазирования и прогноза при раке толстой кишки: дис. док. мед. наук: спец. 14.00.14 „Онкология” / В.В. Делекторская. – Москва, 2007. – 240 c.
3. Имятинов Е.Н. Клинико-молекулярные аспекты колоректального рака: этиопатогенез, профилактика, индивидуализация лечения / Е.Н. Имятинов // Практическая онкология. – 2005. – Т.6, №2.– С. 65-70.
4. Пальцев М.А. Межклеточные взаимодействия / М.А. Пальцев, А.А. Иванов, С.Е. Северин. – М.: Медицина, 2003.– 288 с.
5. Черипко О.Н. Факторы, влияющие на частоту возникновения рецидивов рака прямой кишки / О.Н. Черипко // Онкология. – 2002. – Т.4, №3. – С. 206-208.
6. Analysis of the immunohistochemical expressions of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 in colorectal adenocarcinoma and their correlations with the prognostic factors / H.L. Menezes, M.J. Jucá, E.G. Gomes et al. // Arq. Gastroenterol. – 2010. – Vol.47, N.2. – P. 141-147.
7. Apoptotic index and bcl-2 expression as prognostic factors in colorectal carcinoma / R. Bendardaf, R. Ristamaki, H. Kujari et al. // Oncology. – 2003. – Vol.64, N.4. – P. 435-442.
8. Beta–catenin and E-cadherin tissue "content" as prognostic markers in left–side colorectal cancer / N.P. Martinez, D.T. Kanno, J.A. Pereira et al. // Cancer Biomark. – 2010. – Vol.8, N.3. – P. 129-350.
9. Boland C.R. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer / C.R. Boland, A. Goel // Gastroenterology. – 2010. – Vol.138, N.6. – P. 2073-2087.
10. Buda А. Е-cadherin and the cytoskeletal network in colorectal cancer development and metastasis / A. Buda, M. Pignatelli // Cell Commun Adhes. – 2011. – Vol.18, N.6. – P. 133-143.
11. Chromosome aberrations in solid tumors / D.G. Albertson, C. Collins, F. McCormick, J.W. Gray // Nat Genet. – 2003. – Vol.34, N.4. – P. 369-376.
12. Cluster analysis of claudin-1 and -4, E-cadherin, and β-catenin expression in colorectal cancers / T. Matsuoka, H. Mitomi, N. Fukui et al. // J Surg Oncol. – 2011. – Vol.103, N.7. – P. 674-686.
13. Contu P.C. Bcl-2 expression in rectal cancer / P.C. Contu, S.S. Contu, L.F. Moreira // Arq Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol.43, N.4. – P. 284-287.
14. COX-2 overexpression in pretreatment biopsies predicts response of rectal cancers to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy / F.M. Smith, J.V. Reynolds, E.W. Kay et al. // Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. – 2006. – Vol.64, N.2. – P. 466-472.
15. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in pretreatment biopsy as a predictor of tumor responses after preoperative chemoradiation in rectal cancer / B.S. Min, Y.J. Choi, H.R. Pyo et al. // Arch. Surg. – 2008. – Vol.143, N.11. – P. 1091-1097.
16. Des Guetz G. Does microsatellite instability predict the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer? A systematic review with meta-analysis / G. Des Guetz, O. Schischmanoff, P. Nicolas et al. // Eur J Cancer. – 2009. – Vol.45, N.10. – P. 1890-1896.
17. Disparate clinicopathological correlations of p53 and Bcl-2 in colorectal cancer / P.C. Papagiorgis, A.E. Zizi, S. Tseleni et al. // Mol Med Report. – 2012. – Vol.5, N.2. – P. 377-382
18. E-cadherin expression pattern in primary colorectal carcinomas and their metastases reflects disease outcome / A. Elzagheid, A. Ålgars, R. Bendardaf et al. // World J Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol.12, N.27. – P. 4304-4309.
19. Expression of p53 and Ki-67 as Prognostic Factors for Survival of Men with Colorectal Cancer / F. Lumachi, R. Orlando, F. Marino et al. // Anticancer Res. – 2012. – Vol.32, N.9. – P. 3965-3967.
20. Factors associated with anastomotic recurrence after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients / Y.W. Kim, N.K. Kim, B.S. Min et al. // Journal of Surgical Oncology. – 2009. – Vol.99, N.1. – P. 58-64.
21. Factors influencing prognosis after neo–adjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal carcinoma / M. Moral, M.J. Fdez-Acenero, R. Cuberes, A. Sua- rez // Acta Chir. Belg. – 2009. – Vol.109, N.3. – P. 345-551.
22. Genetic markers predictive of response to induction chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancers / M. Kudrimoti, E.Y. Lee, Y. Kang // J. Ky Med. Assoc. – 2007. – Vol.105, N.1. – P. 18-22.
23. High Ki67, Bax, and thymidylate synthase expression well correlates with response to chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancers: Proposal of a logistic model for prediction / M. Kikuchi, T. Mikami, T. Sato et al. // Br. J. Cancer. – 2009. – Vol.101, N.1. – P. 116-123.
24. Huh J.W. Expression of p16, p53, and Ki-67 in colorectal adeno-carcinoma: a study of 356 surgically resected cases / J.W. Huh, J.H. Lee, H.R. Kim // Hepatogastroenterology. – 2010. – Vol.57, N.101. – P. 734-740.
25. Iacopetta B. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer / B. Iacopetta, F. Grieu, B. Amanuel // Asia–Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology. – 2010. – Vol.6. – P. 260-269.
26. Is a proliferation index of cancer cells a reliable prognostic factor after hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases? / J.C. Weber, H. Nakano, P. Bachellier et al. // Am. J. Surg. – 2001. – Vol.182, N.1. – P. 81-88.
27. Jo W.S. Chemotherapeutic implications in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer / W.S. Jo, J.M. Carethers // Cancer Biomark. – 2006. – Vol.2, N.1-2. – P. 51-60.
28. Kanthan R. Molecular events in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a review / R. Kanthan, J.L. Senger, S.C. Kanthan // Patholog Res Int. – 2012. – Vol. 2012. – P. 597-598.
29. KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer / A. Lièvre, J.B. Bachet, D. Le Corre et al. // Cancer Res. – 2006. – Vol.66, N.8. – P. 3992-3995.
30. Lin M.X. Expression and significance of Bmi-1 and Ki67 in colorectal carcinoma tissues / M.X. Lin, Z.F. Wen, Z.Y. Feng // Ai Zheng. – 2008. – Vol.27, N.12. – P. 1321-1326.
31. Loss of E-cadherin promotes the growth, invasion and drug resistance of co-lorectal cancer cells and is associated with liver metastasis / X. Chen, Y. Wang, H. Xia et al. // Mol Biol Rep. – 2012. – Vol.39, N.6. – P. 6707-6714.
32. Microsatellite instability does not predict the efficacy of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis / G. Des Guetz, B. Uzzan, P. Nicolas et al. // Anticancer Res. – 2009. – Vol.29, N.5. – P. 1615-1620.
33. Molecular cytogenetics: genomic imbalances in colorectal cancer and their clinical impact / M. Grade, H. Becker, T. Liersch et al. // Cell Oncol. – 2006. – Vol.28, N.3.– P. 71-84.
34. Molecular pathways in colorectal cancer / S. Al–Sohaily, A. Biankin, R. Leong et al. // J Gastroenterol Hepatol. – 2012. – Vol.27, N.9. – P. 1423-1431.
35. Molecular responses of rectal cancer to preoperative chemoradiation /A. Debucquoy, L. Goethals, K. Geboes et al. // Radiother. Oncol. – 2006. – Vol.80, N.2. – P. 172-177.
36. p53 and p27 as predictors of clinical outcome for rectal-cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy / L.C. Lin, H.H. Lee, W.S. Hwang et al. // Surg. Oncol. – 2006. – Vol.15, N.4. – P. 211-216.
37. Pathologic stage is most prognostic of disease-free survival in locally ad-vanced rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation / H.M. Quah, J. F. Chou, M. Gonen et al. // Cancer. – 2008. – Vol.113, N.1. – P. 57-64.
38. Potential role of bcl-2 and ki-67 expression and apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study / C.D. Scopa, A.C. Tsamandas, V. Zolota et al. // Dig Dis Sci. – 2003. – Vol.48, N.10. – P. 1990-1997.
39. Predictive Factors of the Response of Rectal Cancer to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy / G. Spolverato, S. Pucciarelli, R. Bertorelle et al. // Cancers. – 2011. – Vol.3. – P. 2176-2194.
40. Predictive value of Ki67 and p53 in locally advanced rectal cancer: cor-relation with thymidylate synthase and histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy / C. Jakob, T. Liersch, W. Meyer et al. // World J. Gastroenterol. – 2008. – Vol.14, N.7. – P. 1060-1066.
41. Pritchard C.C. Colorectal cancer molecular biology moves into clinical practice / C.C. Pritchard, W.M. Grady // Gut. – 2011. – Vol.60, N.1. – P. 116-129.
42. Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in colorectaladenocarcinoma / J.Y. Kim, B.N. Bae, J.E. Kwon et al. // APMIS. – 2011. – Vol.119, N.7. – P. 449-459.
43. Prognostic significance of histological features and biological parameters in stage I (pT1 and pT2) colorectal adenocarcinoma / L. Losi, G. Ponti, C.D. Gregorio et al. // Pathol Res Pract. – 2006. – V.202, N.9. – P. 663-670.
44. Prognostic significance of the wnt signalling pathway molecules APC, beta-catenin and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer: a tissue microarray-based analysis / A. Lugli, I. Zlobec, P. Minoo et al. // Histopathology. – 2007. – Vol.50, N.4. – P. 453-464.
45. Prognostic values of radiation-induced p53 in adjacent normal mucosa and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in rectal cancer patients / R. Yoshikawa, H. Yanagi, M. Kusunoki et al. // Int. J. Oncol. – 2002. – Vol.21, N.6. – P. 1223-1228.
46. Relationship and prognostic significance of SPARC and VEGF protein expression in colon cancer / J.F. Liang, H.K. Wang, H. Xiao et al. // J Exp Clin Cancer Res. – 2010. – Vol.29, N.1. – P. 71.
47. Scholzen T. The Ki-67 protein: From the known and the unknown /T. Scholzen, J. Gerdes // J. Cell. Physiol. – 2000. – Vol.182, N.3. – P. 311-322.
48. Siena S. Biomarkers predicting clinical outcome of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer / S. Siena,A. Sartore-Bianchi, F. Di Nicolantonio et al. // J Natl Cancer Inst. – 2009. – Vol.101, N.19. – P. 1308-1324.
49. Stage I colorectal carcinoma: VEGF immunohistochemical expression, microvessel density, and their correlation with clinical outcome / V. Barresi, C. Di Gregorio, L. Regiani-Bonetti et al. // Virchows Arch. – 2010. – Vol.457, N.1. – P. 11-19.
50. The molecular basis of chemoradiosensitivity in rectal cancer: implications for personalized therapies / M. Grade, H.A. Wolff, J. Gaedcke, B.M. Ghadi-mi // Langenbecks Arch Surg. – 2012. – Vol.397, N.4. – P. 543-555.
51. The survival effect of E-cadherin and catenins in colorectal carcinomas / A.I. Filiz, Z. Senol, I. Sucullu et al. // Colorectal Dis. – 2010. – Vol.12, N.12. – P. 1223-1230.
52. Thymidylate synthase expression, p53, bcl-2, Ki-67 and p27 in colorectal cancer: relationships with tumor recurrence and survival / G. Rosati, R. Chiac-chio, G. Reggiardo et al. // Tumour Biol. – 2004. – Vol.25, N.5-6. – P. 258-263.
53. Yamac D. Prognostic significance of COX-2 expression in colorectal carcinoma / D. Yamac, G. Celnkoglu, N. Akyurek // Ann. Onc. – 2002. – Vol.13. – P. 74.
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2019-07-08
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Голотюк, В. В., Юркевич, Є. М., Голотюк, В. І., Семенів, П. М., Ткачук, Ю. Б., & Гончар, В. Г. (2019). GENETIC BIOLOGICAL PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF COLORECTAL CANCER. PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Pulse, (4(28), 45–53. Retrieved from https://pvntsh.nung.edu.ua/index.php/pulse/article/view/804
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