REFORMS AS MODERN MEAN OF TRANSFORMATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM OF POWER (ON EXAMPLE OF COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPE)

Abstract

Political events of end 2013 – to beginning of 2014 in Ukraine, which got the name of the second democratic revolutions, considerably activated a question about the methods of change of power and his reformation. Revolution as a way of cardinal transformation, as known, results in scale, however heavy, transformations which are very often accompanied bloodshed.

Reform as method of realization of political transformations always is in the circle of sight of political scientists and research workers. This article has for an object to analyse theoretical principles of application of reform as to the method of political transformation in the system of power and experience of countries of Central and East Europe on the way of construction of the capable European democratic state – full-fledged member of European community.

In the modern world reforms are acknowledged the best way of progressive development of society. All reforms, regardless of in what terms and countries used, two aspects of the display, research of which allows them to compare, have at least, to find general and excellent, and consequently, formulates the rules of their leadthrough, inhibition of which from the side of reformers can result in the desired success, are certain, or neglect which a crash will entail even ideal on maintenance reform. These aspects is essence of reforms as a specific form of transformations of public relations and technology of leadthrough of reforms. All other individual and unique, and that is why must be only taken into account at the project of reforms, choice of form of display of their essence and organizational filling of technology of leadthrough of reforms.

In the political «Science encyclopaedic dictionary» political reform is interpreted as transformation, change, переустрій of political life societies (relations, orders, institutes, establishments) which are carried out without the change of bases of existent line-up. Thus political life is understood as one of basic spheres of public life, which includes, in particular, the state and his establishments. At such wide understanding of political reforms state administrative reforms come forward them by component part. Effective, accountable, effective and transparent state administration is called to play a key role in achievement of the aims of development concerted at an international level, including aims which is contained in Declaration of millennium of ООN. In this connection in resolutions there is an appeal to the governments of the world powers to fasten potential of the system of power, create favourable terms for the subsequent increase of its efficiency, in a that number by a management, estimation of the proper risks and introduction of innovations, changes. Actually speech goes about the necessity of realization of ООN of purposeful reforms states-members with the purpose of alteration of the effective system of power, able to provide steady development. Experience of countries of Central and East Europe, which in 1990 and at the beginning of 2000-th experienced the so-called «democratic transit», testifies that in this period the basic idea of reformation of the system of power was become by decentralization, but it was examined as a key element of more wide aggregate of transformations, in particular and to motion to claim of steady development. In their basis there were the fixed changes of constitutional model of state power, creation of the багатопартійної electoral system, introduction of elective local self-government and control, after imperious structures. Became continuation of these changes, except for decentralization, reform of central level of executive power, government service, public services, and also mechanisms of management regional development.