PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word
У випусках серії “Слово” публікуються наукові матеріали за напрямком: - Філологія
Ivano-Frankivsk Departament of Shevchenko Scientific Society
OLEH LYSHEHA AS A TRANSLATOR OF WORKS BY EZRA POUND AND SYLVIA PLATH
Aim. The study is devoted to the translation activity of Oleh Lysheha (1949–2014) as a landmark phenomenon in Ukrainian literature of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The purpose of the article is to identify the specific features of Oleg Lysheha’s translation strategy through the analysis of his interpretations of selected works by Ezra Pound and Sylvia Plath. Research methodology. The theoretical and methodological foundation of the study is the receptive-communicative approach, which views translation as a creative act of interaction between the author, the translator, and the reader, taking into account the cultural and historical context. Results. The study established that Oleg Lysheha’s translations not only reveal to the Ukrainian reader the poetic uniqueness of Pound and Plath but also reflect the translator’s profound poetological understanding of the phenomenon of poetry. The translator’s approach combines preserving the aesthetic and conceptual integrity of the text with its adaptation to the Ukrainian linguistic and cultural environment. Lysheha’s work serves as an example of creative translation as an equivalent literary activity that expands the boundaries of national literature. . Originality. The principles and artistic strategies employed by Lysheha in working with the texts of Pound and Plath are generalised, allowing his creative work to be regarded as a unique synthesis of interpretation and co-creativity in the second half of the 20th century. Practical significance. The research findings can be utilised in courses on translation theory and practice, contemporary literary studies, and will also contribute to the further understanding of the translator’s role in cultural communication between literatures of different linguistic traditions.
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MEANS OF LINGUISTIC EXPRESSION AND CINEMATOGRAPHIC VOCABULARY AS MARKER OF INTERMEDIALITY IN M. SPARK'S NOVEL "IN PUBLIC"
The article explores the artistic manifestation of intermedial content in Muriel Spark’s novel The Public Image. It is found, in particular, that a significant means of realizing intermediality in the novel is the use of linguistic expressiveness – specifically satire, irony, epithets, metaphors, and comparisons. It is demonstrated that satire and irony are employed to ridicule established social norms and priorities, which the author views as false or even absurd. Epithets, metaphors, and comparisons, in turn, contribute to the creation of vivid artistic imagery. The study also shows that an important tool for the artistic actualization of intermediality in the novel is the use of cinematographic vocabulary and terminology. These elements help achieve a visual effect by participating in the construction of frame-like scenes. It is established that both means of linguistic expressiveness and cinematic vocabulary – functioning as markers of intermediality – play an active role in shaping the novel’s artistic space. These elements enhance the emotional depth of the text, evoking a broader range of feelings and impressions in the reader. Furthermore, they aid in the creation of compelling and memorable images, as well as in portraying original and unpredictable plot developments. This, in turn, captures the reader’s attention and adds to the aesthetic appeal of the text.
THE MOTIVE OF MYSTERY IN THE NOVEL “THE IT GIRL” BY RUTH WARE
The article examines the motive of mystery as a key structural and semantic unit of the detective novel, which determines its genre specificity and artistic organisation. Particular attention is paid to studying the functional load of this motive in the structure of the work, in particular its role in building intrigue, creating tension and stimulating reader interest. The focus of the study is R. Ware’s novel “The It Girl” which is a representative example of a modern psychological detective story and serves as the basis for analysing the genre and stylistic features of modelling mystery. Mystery is considered not only as a plot-forming element that provides the dynamics and direction of the narrative, but also as a complex artistic mechanism that forms a specific type of reader interaction with the text, in particular provoking engagement, interpretative activity and emotional empathy. This approach makes it possible to highlight the deep semantic structures of the work and to determine how the motive of mystery ensures the integrity and artistic expressiveness of the detective narrative. The stages of formation, development and transformation of the motive of mystery in R. Ware’s novel are considered, with an emphasis on the functioning of retrospective perspective, unreliable narrator, fragmentary presentation of information, as well as metanarrative and visual elements. The multi-level structure of the mystery is highlighted – factual, psychological and symbolic. The importance of the sociocultural context, which enhances the atmosphere of mystery, is emphasised. The motive of mystery in the modern detective novel is interpreted as a structuring component and a means of engaging the reader in an intellectual game, creating a unique communicative situation between the text, the author and the recipient.
GASTRONOMIC CULTURE AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN TRADITIONS OF THE WORLD'S PEOPLES AND SELF-KNOWLEDGEMENT (TO THE QUESTION OF MULTICULTURALISM IN E. GILBERT'S NOVEL "EAT. PRAY. LOVE".
Annotation. The article examines gastronomic culture as a space for the spiritual unity of different cultures, traditions, and mentalities in E. Gilbert’s novel «Eat, Pray, Love». It is demonstrated that food represents a unique dimension where individual corporeality intersects with collective memory, and where new forms of communication and identity are formed. Food is shown to serve as a symbolic bridge between a person and cultural heritage, between different peoples, and between an individual and their inner self. The study argues that “Eat,” as a symbol and key to self-discovery, reflects various aspects of human life: economy, history, symbolism, shared heritage, and personal experience. It is revealed that gastronomic culture – through taste experiences, the tradition of hospitality, and the affirmation of the pleasure in “doing nothing” – acts as a bridge for mutual understanding that can restore a sense of happiness and spiritual wholeness. The novel portrays gastronomy as a multicultural phenomenon and a means of cultural and spiritual interethnic integration, underscoring its multicultural essence and philosophy.
“Words, words, save our souls…”: letters of hryhorii Bilous
This article explores the life and work of Ukrainian writer and Sixtier Hryhorii Pavlovych Bilous (1940–2011), and presents a selection of his letters addressed to Yevhen Baran.
PANTELEIMON KULISH'S EPISTOLARY AS A SOURCE OF CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CULTURAL PROCESS FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF LETTERS TO OLEKSANDR BARVINSKY)
Epistolary literature is not only a valuable and extremely important component of Ukrainian literary studies, which has emerged relatively recently, but also attracts researchers due to the opportunity to trace various aspects of life, in particular historical and cultural, while preserving its everyday character. At the same time, it opens the way to deeper penetration into the psychological world of the artist. The research is dedicated to the specifics of Panteleimon Kulish's epistolary work, which represents the artist's critical and caring attitude to processes in the socio-cultural environment of the time. The article analyzes P. Kulish's literary and critical assessments of the cultural, particularly literary, process based on 63 letters of private correspondence with Oleksandr Barvinsky, a well-known Ukrainian public and political figure of Galicia, historian and teacher. The correspondence began in 1869 after P. Kulish gave a lengthy and sharp response to the addressee's request for help in selecting materials for a reading book. The correspondence lasted quite a long time — until 1890 — and was published in O. Barvinsky’s “Memories of My Life” (2004). In accordance with the tasks set, the epistolary was processed taking into account the thematic basis and motives of the correspondence, and its value as an important fact of the literary process was proven. On the basis of individual vivid examples, literary-critical assessments are highlighted, which allow us to testify to the consistency of the writer’s identification of his own views on social and public problems and provide valuable information about the details of his personal life.
PASSIONATE DOMINANT OF THE STYLE OF ULAS SAMCHUK’S SHORT PROSE
The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the ideological and artistic features of Ulas Samchuk’s short prose from the collection “Paradise Found”. The aim is to reveal the interaction of the ideological and rhetorical code of the works of the collection with the author’s worldview dominant as well as its determination of the imagery of the short stories. The research methodology involves inductive-empirical, objective-analytical and ethno-psychological studies as well as postcolonial studies. Thus, it was found that the ideological and rhetorical code of Ulas Samchuk’s collection “Paradise Found” is motivated by a sense of patriotism, love and longing for Ukraine, anxiety for its fate. Therefore, the basis of the author's short story thinking is an ethno-psychological paradigm that determines both genre-compositional and stylistic features. It is the ethno-psychological factors (the desire to live inherent in the character of a Ukrainian, professing the ideal of the rank – “Vita maхima et heroika” (O. Kulchytskyi), “intimate connection with the earth” (V. Yaniv), individualism and the acute need for freedom) become the basis of the artistic conflict of individual short stories in the collection; they are realized through the antithesis of the main features of the Ukrainian and Moscow mentality (short stories “Sylvester”, “For Real”). The “organic connection with the historical fate of the people”, the desire to “include” the chronotope of the homeland in emigration everyday life, filling them with meaning in this way, is caused, in our opinion, by such a compositional feature of Samchuk’s short stories as “two-dimensionality”: the presence of an “eventual”, plot part, which deals with emigrant life, and a “visionary”, which constitutes memories of Ukraine and carries the main ideological load.
BIOGRAPHICAL AND CULTURAL-HISTORICAL COORDINATES IN THE FORMATION OF THE AUTHOR'S VOICE IN MYKHAYL DRAY-KHMAR'S CREATIVITY
The article describes the main features of the formation of M. Drai-Khmara's authorial voice through biographical and cultural-historical discourse. Understanding important moments of the M. Dry-Khmara`s biographical and cultural-historical discourses against the background of his tragic life and creative fate allows us to generalize the following position: this artist was a man of European thinking, an intellectual who, through his activities, contributed to the purification of the contemporary aesthetic and spiritual space from provincial massivism and primitivism. He created innovative poetry, translated and researched world classics, laid the foundations of Slavic studies, and enriched philological science and poetic practice on fundamentally new principles and classical domestic experience. The atmosphere of socio-political and public life, the ways of organizing cultural work in the 20s and 30s caused him quite understandable resistance. The poet tried to comprehend his role in what was called the new era, doubted whether he, an intellectual, would be able to teach the people, to feel unity with them, since he had been far from Ukraine for a long time. In the "literary discussion" of 1925-1928, M. Drai-Khmara did not take a direct part, with the exception of several speeches in defence of the neoclassicists and their creative aesthetic credo. The scientist formed his views on art as a literary critic, developing an aesthetic taste from communication with world (translations from French, Italian) and domestic classics (research on the Works of Lesya Ukrainka, research on separate poems by T. Shevchenko, etc.). However, he was drawn into the political and ideological vortex by his special attention to the most talented figures of Ukrainian culture. The feeling of national identity became a central component of M. Drai-Khmara's worldview as a person, the ideological centre of the lyrical hero of his poems, formed moral criteria and ethical norms of communication, determined the main parameters of the author's voice – the spiritual model of personality, ideas about the norms of human behaviour, vision of the world from the perspective of the national culture, morality and ethics of the Ukrainian people.
RITE AND STATES OF TRANSITION: LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL MODES OF MARK CHEREMSHYN
Borderline states, situations and times – they are those that are provided for research from the position of liminality – “the transition between two stable structures, with the presence of signs of the previous and next stages, in temporary uncertainty, the search for self-identification”. Liminal states are understood as a natural or externally induced state that reflects the transition from one state to another. Liminal rites are a system of ritual, traditionally conditioned actions that are established to accompany the transition of an object from one state to another. Transition rituals and states – those associated with and accompanying transition – are of particular interest in the discourse of reading Markо Cheremshyna’s work as a metatext, as they are clearly stated in all three collections of the writer’s short stories. This is what makes our research relevant. Liminality in literary and cultural discourses has become the subject of study by Maria Majerchyk, Zhanna Bortnyk, and Zhanna Yankovska, while the study of liminal rites and states in the words of Mark Cheremshyna requires, in our opinion, detailed study. The purpose of our research is to find out how the presence of a liminal state or ritual works to reveal the image of a character and to trace the relationship between the psychological and ethnographic patterns of reading Markо Cheremshyna's prose. We also set ourselves the research goal of carrying out a typological classification of liminal states and rituals and, where possible, to trace their relationship. The subject of the study was the extensive system of liminal states and rituals in the prose of Markо Cheremshyna (both ethnographically determined and socio-psychological). The theoretical and methodological basis of this study was the achievements of Ukrainian literary studies and cultural studies - the well-known works of I. Frankо, R. Chopyk, R. Pihmanets, S. Khorob, M. Mayerchyk, Zh. Bortnyk, Zh. Yankovska and many other authoritative researchers. In the process of research, we used the following methodological tools: cultural-historical, mythological, biographical, hermeneutic method, and also applied certain postulates of the method of existential interpretation of the text.
DISCOURSE OF INTERTEXTUALITY IN DRAMATURGY OF UKRAINIAN DIASPORA OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The purpose of the article is to analyze the intertextual space of the dramaturgy of Ukrainian diaspora in the first half of the 20th century. The object of the study is the dramatic works of the Ukrainian diaspora of the first half of the 20th century. in the context of interliterary connections. The methodological basis of the research is the method of intertextual analysis, comparative, biographical and hermeneutic methods. The scientific novelty of the article consists in a complex and systematic study of the types and forms of intertextuality in the drama of Ukrainian diaspora of the first half of the 20th century. The analysis of examples of intertextual interaction allows to reproduce a real picture of the literary process outside of Ukraine, contributes to a deeper knowledge of both the content and the form of the works. Therefore, there is a need for a scientific analysis of intertextual interactions in diaspora dramaturgy both at the level of individual works and at the level of a general literary phenomenon.The issue of combining the achievements of foreign literary studies with national traditions and the use of appropriate research techniques remains important due to the multifaceted, complex and originality of the literary heritage that is created on the borders of nations and states. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the results by scientists in Ukraine and abroad.
FEATURES OF THE PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD IN THE SHORT PROSE OF MYKOLA KHVYLOVY AND ROSTYSLAV ENDIK: COMPARATIVE-TYPOLOGICAL ASPECT
Purpose. The article is devoted to exploring the distinctive features of the artistic thinking of Mykola Khvylovy and Rostyslav Yendyk. It focuses on national and spiritual issues in their texts, on the existential foundations of their short prose, and the inner world, feelings, and impressions of their characters. The purpose of the article is to understand the roots of personal tragedy within the Bolshevik system and trace the basic values, moral and ethical behavior of the heroes in borderline situations. Research methodology. The article uses a number of methods that arise from the specifics of the subject of study, including the comparative-historical method, which enables an analysis of the prose of Mykola Khvylovy and Rostyslav Yendyk within the broader context of Ukrainian literature in the first half of the twentieth century; the cultural-historical method, which situates the analyzed works in a cultural, literary, and historical framework; and the biographical method, which examines the relationship between the writers' worldviews and their literary output. Results. The article analyzes the ideological and aesthetic principles of the artistic thinking of Mykola Khvylovy and Rostyslav Yendyk, as well as the features of their individual authorial styles, particularly their tendency toward an impressionistic manner of writing. It explores the theme of personal choice and psychological fragmentation and argues that existentialism serves as the artistic and aesthetic foundation of their short prose. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used to a deeper understanding of the history of 20th-century Ukrainian literature and expand insights into the thematic and ideological range of Ukrainian short prose in the 1920s and 1930s.
Thematic and Genre Explorations of Fedir Dudko’s Early Creative Period (“The Beauty of Life”, “Mockery”)
The article is devoted to the analysis of Fedir Dudko’s early literary work. It establishes that the genre originality of Dudko’s early prose, along with his genre and stylistic experiments, sheds light on the writer’s “relationship” with literary tradition, his integration into the literary process, and his inclination toward innovation. Overall, the works in the collection “The Beauty of Life” affirm Dudko’s prose as part of the literature of the “turn of the century”, which absorbed the influences of modern European philosophy, displayed an interest in issues still little explored in Ukrainian literature of the time, and was marked by a strong lyrical undercurrent. This thesis is also supported by the genre modifications of his texts (short story, impression, legend, fairy tale), their mutual interpenetration and overlapping, and the pronounced lyricism of his prose. At the same time, Dudko’s distinctive writing style—resembling cinematic framing—clearly emerges, as well as his focus on micro-images, his talent for constructing intrigue, and building a plot that develops largely through character dialogue. Even at this early stage, one can observe the author’s attention to detail, including the poetics of titles. From a genre perspective, Dudko’s prose of the 1920s is predominantly represented by short forms: short story, fairy tale, legend, impression (lyrical miniature). However, as evidenced by the composition of the work “Mockery”, the short story under his pen acquires the clear genre features of a framed novella with a classical novella-style twist. A study of the systemogenesis of the author’s consciousness confirms that the integrity of Dudko’s creative pathos stems from the integrity of his personality and the subordination of his life and work to the idea of service to Ukraine.
Lina Kostenko is a culturologist, philosopher, and literary researcher
Abstract Lina Kostenko is known first and foremost as a distinguished poet, the author of the historical novels in verse ‘Marusia Churai’ and ‘Berestechko’, as well as the dramatic poem ‘Thought of Brothers Not of the Azov’, the verse drama ‘Snow The ordinary Ukrainian reader has no idea about Lina Kostenko's scientific works, and cultural critics, philosophers, and literary specialists rarely refer to her works, i.e., ‘The Humanitarian Aura of the Nation or the Defect of the Main Mirror’, ‘Chornobyl in Doses of Historical Consciousness’, ‘Ukraine as a Victim and a Factor in the Globalization of Disasters’, and ‘The Poet Who Walked the Stairs of Giants’ in Florence’, and the lyric-epic poems ‘Scythian Odyssey’ and ‘Gypsy Muse’, which include ‘Drevlianskyi Triptych’. The reason for this unfair neglect was, first of all, that these works were not included in any of the writer's books, even as appendices, and, except for ‘The Humanitarian Aura of the Nation or the Defect of the Main Mirror’, were not published separately in even a small number of copies. Meanwhile, the high scientific level of the above-mentioned works can be considered a reproach to the current book publishers who missed an important aspect of Lina Kostenko's talent. It is known that Lina Kostenko, a graduate of the school, chose the Faculty of Philosophy for her admission, but the watchful totalitarian state, through the hands of the KGB, made it impossible for the talented entrant to become a student. Her father had served a term in Stalin's prison, and the abbreviation “ЧСІР” was considered as unreliable family members of a screened, i.e. suspected, politically unreliable, ideologically hostile, perceiving his children or grandchildren as “enemies of the people”. Few people now even know that according to prisoner terminology, the prison was called the “small zone” and the USSR the “large zone”, that with the arrival of the “Brezhnev frosts” “snitching, denunciations, anonymous letters were revived again,” and that it was very unpleasant to live as a “disabled person of the fifth column” (Eleonora Solovey), in which the nationality was indicated in the questionnaires. Only in the 1990s was Lina Kostenko able to realize herself as a cultural critic, philosopher, and literary researcher, at least in some of her studies.
LEONID RUDNITSKY – RESEARCHER OF I. FRANK’S CREATIVITY
A VOICE OF UKRAINIAN IDENTITY IN A MULTICULTURAL WORLD (IN BRIGHT MEMORY OF LEONID RUDNYTSKYI)
This article is dedicated to honoring the memory of the renowned literary scholar Leonid Rudnytskyi and his academic works, published with the support of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. The main focus is on the formation of worldview and the preservation of national identity beyond the borders of Ukraine. The article outlines Leonid Rudnytskyi’s fields of scholarly interest, highlighting the predominance of the comparative method in analyzing literary material. This approach facilitates the study of Ukrainian literature within a global context and demonstrates the ability to examine artistic phenomena in a comprehensive manner. Special attention is given to the collaboration between Leonid Rudnytskyi and Hryhor Luzhnytskyi, as well as their family ties.
LEONID RUDNITSKY – RESEARCHER OF THE DRAMATURGY OF GRIGOR LUZHNYTSKY
INTERTEXTUAL PARADIGM OF ARTUR CONAN DOYLE’S “THE HOUND OF THE BASKERVILLES” AND MYKOLA SAVCHUK’S “THE KOLOMYIA STORY OF SHERLOCK HOLMES”
Objective. The paper studies the intertextual connections between Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Hound of the Baskervilles” and Mykola Savchuk’s “The Kolomyia Story of Sherlock Holmes”. Comparative observations are presented with regard to the poetics of “Sherlockiana.” Research Methods. The study employs a system of hermeneutic, structuralist, and comparative methods. The author relies on the research methodology of semiotics, narratology, and uses the methodology of literary cognitive science. This is due to the specific nature of the study, its subject and scope of study. Results. The paper identifies and summarizes the main forms of textual stylization and modification, including manifestations such as the “mask” of the narrator, imitative narrative situations, and ideostylistic paradigms. It also reveals structural and semiotic borrowings, as well as plot-related, figurative, and ideological contexts of the works.
«HIS WORKS BROKE THROUGH THE WALLS OF FOREIGN LITERATURES…»: GENESIS AND RECEPTION OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH-LANGUAGE EDITIONS OF IVAN BAGRYANYI’S NOVEL «THE HUNTERS AND THE HUNTED»
The aim of this study is to explore the genesis and reception of the Ukrainian and English-language editions of Ivan Bagryanyi’s novel The Hunters and the Hunted, published in the United States (St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1956), Canada (Burns and MacEachern, Toronto, 1954), and the United Kingdom (Macmillan, London, 1957). The analysis is situated within the ideological, philosophical, and aesthetic frameworks of 20th-century European and Ukrainian literature, particularly the postwar MUR (Artistic Ukrainian Movement) period. The study identifies the dominant features of Ivan Bagryanyi’s artistic vision, shaped by national worldview, existentialist philosophy, neo-romanticism, and the author’s literary anthropology. The article traces the genesis of the adventure novel The Hunters and the Hunted – from its initial conception in underground conditions to its first publication and subsequent wide international resonance. Special attention is given to the novel’s reception in the Western world, including reviews in leading English-language literary journals and media, as well as translations into other languages. Methodology. The analysis of the reception of Ivan Bagryanyi’s prose in the English-speaking world employs a combination of general scientific and philological methods, enabling a comprehensive understanding of both broad cultural and social processes and the specifics of literary textual analysis: the comparative-historical method facilitates the juxtaposition of Bagryanyi’s prose with that of George Orwell, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Arthur Koestler, Milovan Djilas, and others within the context of global resistance to totalitarianism. Systems analysis views Bagryanyi’s works as elements of broader systems—diaspora culture, global anti-Soviet discourse, and Ukrainian national tradition—revealing interconnections among themes, ideologies, and reception. An interdisciplinary approach integrates insights from literary studies, cultural studies, translation theory, and history, enabling a nuanced understanding of the global cultural dialogue surrounding Bagryanyi’s legacy. The hermeneutic method is employed to interpret the deeper meanings, archetypes, and philosophical subtexts of the images (e.g., the stoic hero, the freedom fighter), as well as to analyze the characters’ worldviews and the author’s message. Comparative translation analysis allows for a comparison between the original Ukrainian texts and their English translations, exploring the extent to which Ukrainian specificity is preserved or adapted to fit the “Western” anti-Soviet rhetorical framework. Scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of The Hunters and the Hunted as a literary-documentary testimony of its time, combining the author’s autobiographical experience with elements of adventure, existential and anthropological reflection, and publicistic poetics. The article offers a systematic exploration of the novel’s genesis, the reception of its English-language translations, its international literary resonance, and the theoretical and practical challenges of rendering Bagryanyi’s text into English. Practical significance lies in the potential application of this research in teaching Ukrainian literary history, cultural studies, and history, as well as in translation practice, intercultural dialogue, and the global promotion of Ukrainian literature.
BETWEEN FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE: TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE LEGENDARY CREATION OF YAROSLAV HAVUCHAK
The article examines examples of the literary prose of the Ukrainian writer from the Hutsul region, Yaroslav Havuchak (1924‒1996), contained in his book "Carpathian Legends" (1995). Using the comparative method, involving a wide folklore and literary context, the author of the article delve into the peculiarities of the writer's legend-making method.It is noted that Yaroslav Havuchak combined his author's vision with the rich folklore and ethnographic material of the Carpathians in his works, which allowed him to create artistic texts with a neo-folkloric color, filled with certain moral and educational invectives. It is shown how the author resorts to modifying local material, merging literary and folklore-ethnographic motifs, images, and characters.
RECEPTION OF NATIONAL MENTALITY IN TANYA MALYARCHUK’S NOVEL FORGETTING: SUBLIMATION OF UKRAINIAN WORLDVIEW
Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the processes of folk mentality and the self-identification of ethnic belonging through the prism of the inner impulses and aspirations of the protagonist in Tanya Malyarchuk’s novel Forgetting. Based on the temporal continuum, the study compares worldviews and principles regarding the cultural and political roles of the individual within the life of a particular ethnic group. Research Methodology. The theoretical and methodological foundation of this research includes literary studies by T. Khomyak, O. Vertyporokh, M. Hirniak, E. Levinas, L. Lukina, and others. Among the applied research methods, we highlight the hermeneutic method (interpreting the concept of folk mentality), the comparative method (comparing time periods and systems of worldview coordinates), and the method of receptive aesthetics (analyzing the emotional-expressive impact of historical figures on the consciousness of the potential recipient). Results. The study reveals the individualistic nature of Tanya Malyarchuk’s prose thinking, characterized by a unique approach to interpreting folk mentality and sublimating the Ukrainian worldview. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty of this article lies in its attempt at a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the prose interpretation of historical reality within the artistic worldview of Tanya Malyarchuk. Practical Significance. The results of this literary study can be applied in academic research and in specialized educational courses focused on the proposed subject matter.
CHRISTIAN PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN GALYNA PAGUTYAK'S NOVEL "URIZHKA GOTHICA": THE ARCHETYPE OF DEATH
Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the novel Urizka Gothic by Halyna Pahutyak through the prism of archetypal criticism. It demonstrates that the vivid archetypal system in the author’s prose – along with her engagement with myth-making, religious motifs, and supernatural plot construction – reflects a distinctive individual style. At the same time, the paper explores significant philosophical and existential motives of the hero's existence. The study also examines in detail the archetype of death, identifying and classifying its various manifestations in Urizka Gothic. Research methodology. In accordance with the topic and issues, the article uses a number of methods that make it possible to highlight the issues raised, in particular - the cultural-historical method (examining the literary work within its cultural and historical context), the psychoanalytic method (analyzing archetypes, artistic imagery, and the semantic layers of the text), the hermeneutic method (interpreting deeper meanings and philosophical dimensions), and the structural-functional method (exploring the modified structure of scholarly interpretation and the interrelations among its elements). Results. The article comprehensively argues and proves the thesis about the peculiarities of Halyna Pahutyak's mythological thinking based on the material of the novel Urizka Gothic. It elucidates the concept of the ‘archetype’ and applies it to trace distinctive phenomena within the content-rich narrative of this contemporary Ukrainian writer. The results of the study make it possible to find out the functionality of the archetype of death in the novel, as well as to determine the place and role of the author of Urizka Gothic in the current national literary process. The practical significance. The findings of this study can be used in further research on Halyna Pahutyak’s text, particularly in the context of archetypal criticism within modern Ukrainian literature.
WEDDING SONGS OF THE VILLAGE OF VERKHNIY STRUTYN AND THEIR CEREMONIAL FUNCTION
The article analyzes the wedding songs of the village of Verkhniy Strutyn, Kalush district, Ivano-Frankivsk region and the features of their performance at different stages of the wedding. It is illustrated that these folklore texts reflect the traditions, beliefs and worldview of the people, revealing a regional aspect. In analyzing wedding songs, we identified and characterized their ritual, emotional-expressive, magical, social-unifying, and entertaining functions, which they perform at various stages of the celebration – for example, during the “seating” ceremony of the bride, which involves the unbraiding of her braid and the groom’s purchase of the red ribbon woven into the hair of his future wife. Symbolic objects, images, and the magic of numbers, in particular the number three, which is often found in wedding rituals, were analyzed on occasion. The article reveals that in the village of Verkhniy Strutyn, Kalush district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, there are certain elements of ancient wedding rituals and songs that accompany them, although they are undergoing changes, they are important for preserving cultural identity in the modern multicultural space. Despite modern trends and changes caused by military events, the study of song texts accompanying weddings contributes to expanding knowledge about the regional peculiarities of Ukrainian folklore.
COMICS ABOUT THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL (based on the comics ‘Cyborgs’)
The purpose. The article deals with the educational and pedagogical possibilities of comics devoted to the russian-Ukrainian war, and provides an analysis of the series of comics ‘Cyborgs’ describing the events of 2014 in the DAP, as well as the first months of the full-scale invasion. Attention is focused on understanding the role of military/war comics in the contemporary cultural and artistic space. The structural features of comics about war, including documentary comics, are identified. Research methods. The paper uses a system of historical, hermeneutical and structural methods. The author relies on the theoretical and empirical scientific methodology, uses the methodology of literary cognitive science, which is determined by the specifics of this study. Results of the study. The paper helps to identify the peculiarities of the comics about the russian-Ukrainian war ‘Cyborgs’, the specifics of documenting events in them, the peculiarities of structuring panels in which word and picture complement each other, the use of distinguishing markers to depict ‘our own’ and ‘others’, as well as the peculiarities of introducing characters. Originality of the study is an approach to examine and analyse the comics ‘Cyborgs’ not only as an art product, but also as a documentary literature, to identify the specifics of documentation of events in this series, and to follow the connection between the visual and the verbal. The paper emphasises the importance of using such comics in the educational process, as they not only actualise patriotic narratives, but also contribute to the formation of a new culture of reading and dialogue with students on the topics of war, identity and social responsibility. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of using the results of the study in research and educational courses dealing with the study of contemporary literature, comics, and the events of the Ukrainian-Russian war, as well as at teacher professional development courses.
UKRAINIAN ARTISTIC DOCUMENTARY LITERATURE ABOUT THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Purpose of the article. In Ukrainian literature about the events of the First World War, in addition to fictional works, there exists a rather significant layer of documentary writing – diary entries, memoirs, journalistic articles, recollections, notes, confessions, and other genre forms. The task of researching them is a specific and important mission for contemporary literary scholars and historians. These diverse literary materials contain both subjective and objective facts, phenomena, and processes recorded by writers and eyewitnesses of the wartime hardships of the early 20th century. In accordance with the aim and objectives of the article, the methodology used includes: historical-cultural, biographical, hermeneutic, and comparative-typological methods. As a result of the research, the ideological and aesthetic features of Ukrainian documentary writing about the First World War have been identified; diary entries and memoirs of a number of Ukrainian authors – both from mainland Ukraine and the diaspora – have been analyzed; and the unique poetics of such works have been examined. This constitutes the scientific novelty of the proposed study. Moreover, the study has practical value, as these materials can be used in Ukrainian literature classes in modern Ukrainian schools, in higher education institutions, and in literary and historical research related to the events of the First World War.
THE IMAGE OF “AGGRESSIVE WAR” IN IVAN FRANKO’S POETRY “INVASION”
The article provides a thorough analysis of Ivan Franko’s poetry “Invasion” as an important literary testimony to the events of the First World War and the russian occupation of Galicia. The poetry is examined in the context of Franko’s other war-related texts written between 1914 and 1916. Special attention is paid to the historical genesis of the poem, Franko’s personal experiences that became the source of his anti-war lyrics, and the impact of wartime events on the formation of Ukrainian national identity. The article also explores the main aspects of the poetics of “Invasion”: its genre, artistic devices, the semantic connotation of the title, the role of the dialogic structure of the narrative, the artistic functionality of allegory, sarcasm, and irony, as well as the function of allusion in enhancing the historicity of the poem’s characters and events. Through a verbal agon-dialogue between a Ukrainian patriot and a Russian occupier, Franko reveals the multidimensional nature of the concept of “invasion”—not only as a military incursion, but also as an attempt at the spiritual, cultural, religious, and economic subjugation of Ukrainians. The linguistic features of the verbal battle are highlighted to emphasize the otherness of the invader and the national resilience of the Ukrainian hero. Special emphasis is placed on the significance of historical allusions, particularly the images of Hetman Mazepa and King Danylo, as symbols of national memory and struggle. The poetry “Invasion”, which belongs to Franko’s satirical and accusatory cycle of anti-militarist poetry, is not only a literary protest by the poet against the aggressive war of the russian empire, but also an important source for understanding the historical past, shaping national consciousness and exposing the deceitful imperial policy.
LEXICOGRAPHIC PROCESSING OF THE LANGUAGE ELEMENT OF KOVALYVKA
«…THE PURE METAL OF THE HUMAN WORD…» (Review of: Vasyl Greschuk, Valentyna Greschuk. Epithets, Comparisons and Phrases in the Short Stories of Vasyl Stefanyk. Ivano-Frankivsk: Misto NV, 2025. 176 p.)
STONE IS NOT SILENT: A CONTOUR OF HERMENEUTICS
FROM SELECTED READING 2021-2025: literary Prykarpattia from the classics to the present
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE: COGNITIVE ASPECT
Aim. Modern linguistics is developing new directions and aspects of research, in particular those that take into account the achievements of various scientific paradigms. Cognitive linguistics, which has been actively developing recently, is based primarily on the study of the lexical-semantic structure of cognitive units as cognitive concepts. However, the basis of basic cognitive categories are grammatical categories, which form and determine the key ideas of the mental representation of the world. In the proposed article, we aim to present the conditioning of worldview cognitive categories by grammatical categories, in particular the verb, which defines such concepts in the language picture as time, causality, and completeness (realization). Methods. The main research method is descriptive. The work also uses the method of comparative typological analysis of linguistic categories of different languages. The method of structural-semantic analysis is used when characterizing the thesaurus meaning of lexemes. The study of the categorical system of the verb and varieties of temporal semantics was carried out using the methodology of typological analysis. Results. It has been established that the grammatical category of temporality at the level of components (interval, tense, taxis) is unevenly represented by the sphere of cognitive categories. It has been determined that the category of morphological time (tense) dominates in the worldview picture of the world, which generally covers the idea of ​​time despite the fact that tense does not genetically determine the meaning of continuality, which is based on the primary idea of ​​duration as a change expressed by an interval. This is due to the fact that with the formation of modern civilization, a three-component structure of time perception (past, present, future) was formed with the dominance of the future, in the fabric of which there is a category of causal dependence of events (conditionality) of reality within successive time intervals. The idea of ​​the world and time is based on the need for activity for the sake of an unreal future. Practical significance. The results of the study provide material for clarifying or forming cognitive categories as derivatives of the most general and primary grammatical categories. The aspect of considering and interpreting categories that determine the linguistic picture of the world provides a comprehensive approach to solving linguocognitive problems, forming a holistic interparadigmatic theory of linguistic categories.
SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF FORMALLY TAUTOLOGICAL STATEMENTS IN DIALECT SPEECH
The article reveals the actualization peculiarities of the meanings such formally tautological expressions as ч’олов’і́к йе ч’олов’і́к, жи́нка йе жи́нка, дити́на йе дити́на, жит′е́ йе жит′е́, which function in the speech of the village residents of Tyudiv; it is shown how the given language formulas, included in addressee-addressee relations, acquire different emotional-evaluative and communicative-pragmatic meanings; it is proved that the semantic content of these statements depends on the communication situation and is formed by the units of different language levels. It has been studied how the meanings of these units are actualized, which communicative intentions they verbalize under specific conditions of interaction, and which linguistic means are significant in their semantic content. It has been revealed that a tautological propositional structure used by the speaker often signals not only the thematic direction in which the communication is being developed — initiated by the communicative partner — but also indicates that, by opening the dialogic interaction, the speaker expects the interlocutor to express their own considerations regarding the semantic specification of this formula. It has also been established that such utterances may function as a semantic generalization of a certain thematic block during communication, as well as serve as a means that facilitates the development of a particular topic or shifts the interlocutor’s attention to another aspect of it.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CORPUS LINGUISTICS: PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE OF TEXT CORPUSES
This research article explores the theoretical foundations of corpus linguistics, outlines key principles of text corpus construction, and identifies the main directions of contemporary corpus-based research. Based on the analysis of works by Ukrainian and international scholars, the definition of a "text corpus" is clarified, and its key parameters are specified (machine-readability, authenticity, representativeness, balance, selectivity, standardization, and processing efficiency, among others). The article reviews the typical stages of corpus development such as tokenization, lemmatization, syntactic parsing, and annotation, as well as challenges in building large-scale corpus resources. Special attention is given to practical applications of corpora across fields such as lexicography, translation studies, sociolinguistics, language education, stylistics, forensic linguistics, and language variation analysis. Emphasis is placed on the significance of the corpus-based approach in modern linguistics, particularly the shift from introspection toward empirical analysis of authentic language data. The article also outlines the main requirements for corpora, provides an overview of typological features, and discusses the prospects for further development of corpus research in Ukraine and worldwide.
FEMINITIVES OF UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE ORIGIN IN “MATERIALS FOR THE DICTIONARY OF WRITTEN AND BOOK UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE OF THE 15TH–18TH CENTURIES” BY E. TYMCHENKO
The article reveals the problem of systematisation and classification of femininities, taking into account their origin, which began to differ significantly from the Middle Ukrainian period due to the influence of various European languages, and their delimitation by such features in the ‘Historical Dictionary of Femininities of the Ukrainian Language’. The lexicographical works of E. Tymchenko, which reflected historical vocabulary of different origins, should also serve as a source for compiling common names for women. The two-volume edition of Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of the XV - XVIII centuries by Yevhen Tymchenko became a model of lexicography of historical vocabulary and a valuable base for recording and researching names of women typical of the Middle Ukrainian period. The femininities recorded in this dictionary are characterised in terms of their origin as proper and borrowed names, analysed at the lexical and semantic, structural and word-formation, and functional and stylistic levels. It is noted that femininities are vocabulary of various origins (Ukrainian and foreign), characteristic mainly of official business documents, which gradually moved to the passive vocabulary of the Ukrainian language as historical, archaic, colloquial or dialectal.
UKRAINIAN-LANGUAGE TEXTS IN THE “TOWN BOOK OF KOLOMYA 1769–1771”: LINGUISTIC ASPECT
The article presents a linguistic analysis of two recently discovered small-sized texts of a letter and an oath, dated 1768 and 1771, which reflect the living Ukrainian speech of the mid-18th century. These texts were first published in 2025 in the “City Book of Kolomyia 1769–1771”, which contains a total of 144 act entries in Old Polish and Latin. Based on the analysis of the grammatical structure of the language of the letter and the oath, it was found that these texts have features of the southwestern dialect of the Ukrainian language, although they are written in the Latin script of the Polish model. The analyzed fragments present the oldest linguistic features of the Ukrainian language, inherited from the Proto-Slavic language, which testifies to the continuous development of the Ukrainian language over the millennium.
THE PROBLEM OF DIPLEXITY / SINGLE-COMPLEXITY OF SENTENCES WITH PREDICTIONS ON –NO, AND -TO IN UKRAINIAN AND POLISH LANGUAGES
The article deals with the predicative forms with -no, -to endings, which have been vigorously discussed in the history of the Slavic linguistics. Particularly, in the Ukrainian linguistics the contradictory are the questions the necessity or nonnecessity to use sentences with verb forms ending in -no, -to, the questions of their passivity, structure, and synonyms with other syntactical constructions. Instead, in the Polish linguistics most controversial is the question of their subjectivity or non- subjectivity. The aim of this study find out the specifics of semantic subject in sentences with the predicative forms with -no, -to endings in the Polish language, identify the Кlinguistic means by which achieved the expected communicative stylistic effect. The main idea of the article is identify the characteristics of the subject which is characterized by possesses a compulsory belonging to the category of person as well as indefiniteness which is caused by direct or indirect action relations to the personal subject set. It was set up that subject indefiniteness is shown up differently due to the character of the noted actions and speaker’s communicative tasks. Sentences with predicative forms with -no, -to endings , where the subject does not explicate with separate lexeme contains a reference to performers action thanks to the context.